Digital Technician ROC II Practice ATest

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• What is the binary representation of the decimal number 210?
• What is one reason broadband cable operators might lose pay TV customers?
• Which of the following best describes an unmanaged network?
• What does IPTV rely on to deliver channels selected by customers?
• What aspect of IPTV can improve customer satisfaction according to industry trends?
• What do all signal level measuring test instruments have that allows for energy measurement?
• What is the purpose of Forward Error Correction (FEC)?
• What compressed digital audio format is prevalent in movie soundtracks for its surround sound capabilities?
• What reverses the voltage state from that of an AND gate in a NAND gate?
• What is the function of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)?
• What is the resistance of PM carriers primarily associated with?
• In what applications are broadband cable operators implementing Internet protocol TV (IPTV) technology?
• What defines micro-reflection in a signal?
• What characterizes an OR gate's function in digital logic?
• Why is randomizing utilized in the forward error correction (FEC) process?
• What is the Hex code for the binary code 1011000?
• What type of content is multicast distribution preferred for?
• What occurs when multiple clients order the same video-on-demand (VOD) movie session?
• What states are recognized by logic gates?
• What is the primary function of the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)?
• What is required to obtain Proactive Network Maintenance (PNM) data from DOCSIS modems?
• How do DOCSIS networks relate to the Internet Protocol suite?
• What is a key feature of DTV technology regarding channel capacity?
• Why might TCP not be preferred for VoIP over UDP?
• Which protocol is focused on the reliable delivery of data, such as emails and file transfers?
• Which stage is second in the pulse code modulation (PCM) process?
• What does Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) express?
• How does phase modulation (PM) differ from frequency modulation (FM)?
• What is the primary focus for operators when considering IPTV?
• What device allocates data bit rates according to scene requirements for multiplexed digital television channels?
• What symptom indicates micro-reflections when checking the in-channel frequency response (ICFR) of a QAM channel?
• How can non-linear dBmV values be converted into linear numbers for addition?
• What is the maximum data rate defined by the ATSC for the 8-VSB RF/Transmission system?
• What does a cell phone seek when it tunes to its control channel frequency?
• What technology is used for traditional telephone service delivery?
• High-dynamic range (HDR) video calls for a minimum color depth of how many bits?
• What type of receptors in the retina are sensitive to color?
• Why is it common practice to set the average amplitude of digital modulation channels 6 to 10 dB below the maximum specified into the laser?
• What communication method does DOCSIS primarily utilize?
• Which technology format do customers prefer for television delivery, as recognized by broadband cable operators?
• What commonly causes amplitude measurements of digital modulation channels to be lower than expected when using a signal level meter?
• In a digital modulation channel, what is the uniform distribution of energy as a function of frequency called?
• How is the perception of three-dimensional high definition TV (3D HDTV) created?
• What is a potential benefit for broadband cable operators implementing IPTV?
• When conducting PNM, what is the role of the PNM server?
• What is the ideal sampling rate for any analog signal?
• What do the vertical bars on an adaptive equalizer display represent?
• What factor causes delays in data reception using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
• What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 65?
• Which signal parameters can be viewed in the frequency domain?
• Which logic gate acts as a logical either/or operator followed by a NOT operation?
• What type of data contains all information necessary to reconstruct a single image in MPEG-2?
• What is a benefit of using managed networks for IPTV delivery?
• Why is it important for a technician to view the set-top box (STB) diagnostic screen while troubleshooting?
• Which MPEG standard is designed for the high bit rate requirements of UHDTV?
• What allows assessment of upstream DOCSIS channel parameters using a QAM analyzer?
• In a statistical multiplexer (statmux), what mechanism helps adjust channel flow through buffers?
• What does chrominance refer to in video signals?
• Which property defines the two states of a digital circuit?
• In the ASCII character string, where is the single parity bit added?
• Which group was formed by the ITU with similar goals to MPEG?
• Why does diagnostic screen information from set-top boxes and modems appear cryptic to customers?
• What is periodically inserted in an MPEG-2 TS to assist the decoder in identifying packet identifiers (PID)?
• What type of protocol is characterized by its requirement for connection establishment before data transfer?
• How is Modulation Error Ratio (MER) expressed?
• What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 47?
• What is an Indicator of how micro-reflections can affect a QAM channel?
• Which QAM level has a lower data rate: 64-QAM or 256-QAM?
• What does quantizing do in signal processing?
• To which OSI layer does the DOCSIS MAC Layer correspond?
• What must a technician understand to effectively use a test instrument?
• What network medium did standards bodies intend IPTV to resemble?
• Which measurement is vital for determining the integrity of a transmitted signal?
• What is used in a Moving Pictures Expert Group Transport Stream (MPEG-TS) to synchronize the decoder video and audio to real-time?
• What is a practical example of a connection-oriented protocol?
• Why are broadband cable operators considering IPTV integration strategies?
• What does a truth table provide information about?
• On what is Huffman coding based?
• How can the total power of a communication system be impacted?
• What method does a digital receiver use to correct errors during transport?
• What term is used to describe the removal of redundant data within a single frame of video?
• What technology is plain old telephone service (POTS) built on?
• Which of the following best describes VoIP technology?
• What characteristic differentiates a QAM channel from an analog TV channel?
• When using hybrid set-top boxes (STB), what is the operator's involvement with vMVPD?
• Which term is used to refer to a formatted arrangement of data containing both header and payload?
• What challenge is associated with TCP regarding data delivery?
• What was a key requirement for delivery of Internet protocol TV (IPTV)?
• Why is amplitude measurement of a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) channel taken from the average power across the channel bandwidth?
• The MPEG-2 Program Stream (MPEG-2 PS) is intended for what type of application?
• What output does an XOR gate produce if both inputs are the same?
• Which number is used to validate mobile phone service?
• Which of the following describes the purpose of the OSI reference model?
• Which Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) standard is commonly used for storage and playback on portable music players?
• What type of compression technique discards redundant data between frames?
• What does the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) primarily accomplish?
• What is the key significance of a 3-decibel (dB) power gain or loss?
• During what degrees of rotation is a sine wave plotted?
• What type of communication would you categorize an email protocol under?
• Which of the following gates can be used to create an inverter?
• Which method was used for service validation in mobile phones?
• What does a higher data rate signify in relation to video distribution?
• What effect do rapid transitions of pulses in digital modulation data have on power measurements?
• According to ITU-T G.711 standards, what does the most significant bit (MSB) identify?
• What opportunity do broadband cable operators gain by converting analog modulation channels to digital modulation channels?
• What are the three stages of pulse code modulation (PCM)?
• Why does each MPEG-2 group of pictures (GOP) begin with an Intra-coded frame (I-frame)?
• What was the original purpose of Internet protocol television (IPTV)?
• What feature allowed broadband cable operators to transport multiple TV channels?
• What type of compression is Huffman coding classified as?
• What issue arises from coding and compressing video and audio into separate elementary streams?
• What is the function of peer communications regarding signal processing?
• How many bits are in a byte, unless specified otherwise?
• What is the primary advantage of using Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) over traditional audio formats?
• How many characters can the ASCII 7-bit binary data code differentiate?
• Under what condition does an AND gate output a logical 1?
• Which logic gate combines different gates to act as a logical either/or operator?
• What does the term "pixels" refer to in digital imaging?
• Which term is used to describe the technique of optimizing video quality by eliminating unnecessary data between frames?
• Which protocol breaks data into smaller units and adds application-layer headers for real-time delivery?
• In which forward error correction (FEC) stage is a 3-bit binary code calculated?
• What key factor measures the performance of a communication channel?
• Which digital audio format's main strength lies in its support for surround sound in home theater systems?
• What does the digital aspect of the telegraph refer to?
• What is the likely cause of macroblocking in a hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network when MER measurements are adequate?
• In the IP suite, which layer incorporates the IP header information to create an IP packet?
• When test instrument measurements fall outside of requirements, why should technicians recognize the failed measurements?
• What is the decimal range of an 8-bit binary number?
• What can be identified when viewing a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation?
• Which layer in the IP suite is responsible for breaking data into packets?
• What process do audio PCM encoders use to accommodate the sensitivity of the human ear to sound levels?
• What is the primary function of the modem in a DOCSIS network?
• What does the integration of STBs allow cable operators to do?
• Why is it important to consider channel bandwidth when calculating total power for return path lasers?
• The number of digital TV (DTV) channels that can be multiplexed onto a single QAM channel is influenced by which factor?
• After which standard did the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) abandon the sequential numbering of standards?
• What feature enhances the navigation of set-top box electronic program guides?
• What is the spectrum-saving technology used to switch broadband cable channels on an 'as-needed' basis?
• Which characteristic is true of the most common audio compression formats?
• For reliable operation, what should be the minimum modulation error ratio (MER) higher than the loss of reception threshold for QAM channels?
• What does the output of an exclusive-NOR (XNOR) gate signify when both inputs are different?
• What key characteristic differentiates IPTV from traditional TV delivery methods?
• What technology does traditional POTS rely on?
• What aspect does the I-frame in an MPEG-2 video define that aids in effective video reconstruction?
• What geometric shape is a sine wave based upon?
• What typically defines individual downstream channel power levels and the number of channels?
• What type of noise is characterized by the movement of electrons in a system?
• In digital electronics, what is the primary function of a NOT gate?
• How do content delivery networks (CDN) improve the streaming experience?
• What does the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) add to each segment's header?
• In digital communications, what term is commonly misused to describe data rate capacity?
• What is a common file extension for an MPEG-2 Program Stream?
• What indicates the beginning of an MPEG-2 Transport Stream (MPEG-2 TS) packet?
• What is the purpose of grooming for a broadband cable operator?
• What is used together with statistical multiplexing to prevent bit-overflow errors?
• Why do digital modulation channels have measurable analog parameters?
• In the context of a sine wave, what does the vertical line length of a right triangle represent?
• Which digital audio format complies with MPEG-2 while offering smaller file sizes and better audio quality?
• What describes the effect of passive components on signal transmission?
• How does IPTV benefit from packet-switching technology?
• What is the impact of node splitting on data rate capacity?
• What is the impact of using ABR on video quality for the viewer?
• What type of communication ensures data is processed in a specific order?
• Under what designation is high efficiency video coding (HEVC) defined by the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG)?
• What is the generalized definition of Internet protocol TV (IPTV) in the industry?
• What type of network is NOT typically associated with IPTV delivery?
• Why is a connectionless protocol deemed unreliable?
• What was the major disruption to TV technology following stereo audio?
• What type of network can IPTV be delivered over?
• What does a hole in the center of a QAM constellation symbol error cloud indicate?
• Which factor is crucial for a digital receiver to handle during the transport of data?
• After the Network Access Layer processes the IP packet, what are the packets called?
• What specification transformed two-way cable TV networks into broadband networks?
• What implications does video compression have on bandwidth usage?
• What does the return path operation confirm in a set-top box?
• What is a common source of group delay in signal transmission?
• What is the main role of the DTV receiver in a broadband cable headend?
• Why is video compression necessary for digital signals?
• What process allows broadband cable operators to create a new multiplex by selecting TV channels from various sources?
• How does adaptive bit rate (ABR) technology enhance streamed content playback?
• What type of receptors in the retina are sensitive to light?
• Which spectrum analyzer mode converts the analyzer to a time domain display?
• What type of compression does Huffman coding represent?
• What is the primary cause of linear distortion?
• Which of the following describes connectionless protocols?
• What type of logic does a NAND gate implement?
• What protocol is stacked on top of UDP to support real-time applications?
• Which is the only 802.11 series of standards that operates at 900 MHz for reliable connectivity with Internet of Things (IoT) sensors?
• In quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), how many bits are represented in each symbol?
• What role does customer preference play in the evolution of IPTV strategies?
• In which applications are error vector magnitude (EVM) expressions most effectively utilized?
• How is the five-layer Internet protocol suite structured?
• What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 140?
• What can be concluded about a truth table?
• What does the modulation error ratio (MER) measurement reveal about a QAM channel?
• What does Bit Error Ratio (BER) quantify?
• What is luminance in the context of video signals?
• Why are NAND and NOR gates categorized as universal gates?
• What type of connectivity does the 802.11ah standard primarily offer?
• Which layers of the OSI model are technicians typically familiar with?
• Which type of data transmission does circuit switching accommodate?
• How does the IP packet change after it undergoes processing by the Network Access Layer?
• Voice activated personal assistants respond only when hearing what?
• Which generation of wireless access technology is operating in the millimeter frequency band around 30 GHz?
• What type of system does ATSC A/53 Part 2 define for terrestrial broadcasts?
• How does an STB benefit from out-of-band (OOB) data verification?
• Which statement is true regarding IPTV service offerings?
• What does the amplitude of a sine wave represent?
• Why is measuring only the 8-VSB pilot frequency an inaccurate representation of average power?
• What could be a potential cause of high signal levels into devices like a cable modem or set-top box?
• What is the usable data rate for a 6 MHz wide 256-QAM channel?
• What allows for multiple viewers to enjoy the same program concurrently?
• What is the primary reason a television camera captures more luminance than chrominance?
• What defines the function of grooming in broadband cable services?
• How can transient signals or ingress fail to be detected when using a spectrum analyzer?
• What happens when two channels of equal power, but different frequencies, are combined for transport over a network?
• What is the purpose of the forward error correction (FEC) interleaving layer?
• How is the spectral density of a digital modulation channel expressed?
• Why is the transmission control protocol (TCP) unsuitable for voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) applications?
• The MPEG-2 Transport Stream (MPEG-2 TS) is designed for which of the following uses?
• In a broadband cable network, why are power measurements taken by measuring a channel's voltage level across an assumed load impedance?
• How is Fourier analysis utilized in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)?
• What does the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) do?
• How many base-10 numbers can be expressed with two digits?
• Why are average power measurements used for Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) channels instead of peak voltage levels?
• Which component in PCM is responsible for converting analog signal amplitudes to digital form?
• What is required of the receiver for effective communication?
• From what is a sine wave created?
• What can be said about disruptive technologies over time?
• In addition to channel reception, what does a digital TV (DTV) receiver do?
• What does the broadcast distribution of channels favor compared to other methods?
• What is a fundamental element of IPTV?
• Which was the first version of the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) that enabled multiple downstream and upstream channels to be used to transport data to and from a single modem?
• What does the DOCSIS Physical Layer specify?
• What is one key feature of 5G technology?
• Why is Forward Error Correction (FEC) important in digital communication?
• How does Trellis coding provide error correction?
• What primary outcome stems from the broadcast distribution methodology in content delivery?
• How has customer perception influenced the definition of IPTV?
• What does the data rate for standard definition TV (SDTV) typically exceed?